Urban Life And Contemporary Urban Sociology - 1493 Words

It cannot be denied that the late 18th century and early 19th century were revolutionary eras. Significant and remarkable events such as the industrial revolution, the evolution of rural areas, the development of new inventions and machinery, the rise of capitalism and individualism, but more importantly, people migrating from rural to urban areas to have a better lifestyle, were topics clearly depicted in the writings of Ferdinand Tà ¶nnies, Georg Simmel, Jane Jacobs, Robert Putnam, Barry Wellman, and Barry Leighton. All these authors made great contributions to the study of urban life and contemporary urban sociology. Tà ¶nnies’s, Simmel’s, Jacobs’s, Putnam’s, Wellman’s, and Leighton’s writings mainly illustrate the dramatic changes that the world faced as a result of the transition from traditional society to a modern, industrial and urban society. Furthermore, these writers developed concepts to explain human interaction in metropolitan areas and to explain how modernity and urbanity have changed dramatically the nature of human interactions. In Community and Society, Tà ¶nnies (1887) discusses the concepts of Gemeinschaft (community) and Gesellschaft (society). According to these concepts, people living in community and people living in a society will develop a different type of will; these are essential will and arbitrary will. Tà ¶nnies explains that individuals who form part of the Gemeinschaft act under essential will. Essential will prioritizes the community’s goalsShow MoreRelatedThe Influx of Changes in Chicago During the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century844 Words   |  3 Pagesto an urban industrial giant, the leading manufacturing country in the world. As this economic growth proliferated, Chicago was the epicenter in America. Travelers from Europe flocked to Chicago in search of opportunity. Meatpacking and steel were especially attractive for unskilled laborers from Europe. The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, known as the Industrial Revolution, were periods of tremedous urban growth that radically changed the country. Much of the growth in urban areasRead MoreDifferences Between Du Bois And Marx1365 Words   |  6 Pagesand subsequently exploited by the dominant racial groups. An intersectionality existed in Du Bois’ work that was a departure from conventional Sociology up to that point. As a conflict theorist, W. E. B. Du Bois is naturally lumped in with other theorists in that field and his work is built upon common ideas such as Marxism. However, in contemporary Sociology, he is contrasted with others such as William Julius Wilson who viewed Class as more important than Race when dealing with the plight of AfricanRead MoreIndustrial Areas From Centralization And Neoliberal Globalisation1684 Words   |  7 Pagespart for various industry sectors. By 2000, more than 500 cities had more than one million inhabitants. According t o the United Nations, 54% of the world’s population currently live in urban areas. Urbanization combined with the overall growth of the world’s population could add another 2.5 billion people to urban populations by 2050, with close to 90 percent of the increase concentrated in Asia and Africa. This significant change of urbanization will lead to challenges in satisfying the needs forRead MoreMs Nina Vagg1621 Words   |  7 Pagesidentify with (Van Krieken et al., 2010, p.257). Trying to define Aboriginal identity is certainly problematic due to the impact that colonisation had upon the Indigenous Australians. The term Aboriginal now encompasses a diverse mix of people living in urban, rural and remote environments who have differing degrees of Indigenous ancestry and relation to traditional culture. Traditional Australian Indigenous people never saw themselves as a race but rather, identified themselves in connection to theirRead MoreThe Perceived Nature Of Contemporary Urban Life Essay1029 Words   |  5 PagesThe Perceived Nature of Contemporary Urban Life Many writers are wondering whether the increased scale and proportion of the cities are exceeding human capabil- ities to live under conditions of security and mutual sup- port and concern. Some feel the sheer scale of urban life is forcing individual identity to yield to anonymity, indifference, and narrow self-interest. Commentaries on the growing fear, powerlessness, and anger of urban resi- dents are numerous. Yet, even against the backdrop ofRead MoreSocial Capital And Neighborhood Effects758 Words   |  4 Pagesargument, Sharkey and Faber explore literature on different contexts that affect the â€Å"neighborhood effects† and the reproduction of inequality, calling for an expansion in theories, methodologies, and perspectives to further the scholarship of urban sociology and inequality. Taken together, Small and Sharkey and Faber highlight the importance of exploring and understanding variety of contexts in which inequality of networks and neighborhoods are produced, r eproduced, and/or restructured. Using mixedRead MoreRobert Nisbets Understanding of the Ideas of Emile Durkheim1519 Words   |  6 Pagesthe 20th Century. This was partially the result of the weakening of intermediary institutions like the church, guild and civil society that had stood between the isolated individual and the power of the state. He found that the general direction of urban, industrial society in the West had been statist and authoritarian, including both the warfare state and the welfare state. At the same time, capitalism had also encouraged moral permissiveness and self-indulgence, since traditional Christian moralityRead MoreThe Crisis Of The Community, Its Dislocation, The Distress Of Most Of Its Members1655 Words   |  7 Pagesanalyzed through all of the concentrations of urban planning from equity to sustainability. He is simply stating that all of the aspects of the community, from its circumstances, both emotional and physical, to its location play a part in its progress. A community cann ot grow if any part of it is inadequate. All aspects should be in equilibrium, a healthy balance of crime and peace, economy and income, as well as education and available jobs. As an aspiring urban planner, this quote throws all of whatRead MoreOrganizational Social Life in Urban Places: An Ethnographic Argument991 Words   |  4 Pages How organization social life urban places play ethnography Anderson argues that common rhythms of societal response can be identified in similar public spaces. It is clear that the way individuals behave in noisy environments where they are constantly avoiding interaction with objects and bodies differs from convivial mingling. Alternatively, Anderson claims that places that exhibit similar patterns of vitality, usage, and organization have similar social traits (Anderson 67). To illustrateRead MoreHigh School As An Aid962 Words   |  4 Pagesthe same time, I also want to learn from this experience, though I enjoyed my time at Burncoat I am not naive enough to believe it is a perfect school. Sociology in many ways is a manner through which experiences can be seen and discussed, its a way to pull back layers and see what is really underneath. I want to use what I have learned in Sociology while interning at Burncoat. My senior year at Burncoat I worked in one of the guidance offices as a office aid and witnessed the inner workings

Charlotte Free Essays

string(68) " is very sensitive with Wilbur especially he does not eat his food\." From the ginning of the story, it was already manifested how friendship and love became the foundation fifths novel, due to Fern’s love for Wilbur he was saved from the hands of Mr.. Arable who intends to take the life of Wilbur. We will write a custom essay sample on Charlotte or any similar topic only for you Order Now Despite Fern being only a little girl, she thought of Wilbur as her own child, whom he cared for and love so much. Aside from this, one of the greatest proofs of how important friendship is was depicted between Charlotte and Wilbur. Without Charlotte help, Wilbur would be butchered in the slaughterhouse. In addition, it is exhibited in the story, that even though Charlotte life was nearing its end, she still thought of helping Wilbur, together with Templeton, in the fair to provide moral support for her friend. Although Charlotte passed away in the end, her life became more meaningful and happier by helping Wilbur. Wilbur was not only saved from being killed, but what Charlotte woven words did was more than that, she proved to Wilbur that he is important and that he is loved which I believe is the best feeling anyone could experience. Lastly, before Charlotte die she entrusted her egg sac to Wilbur since she cannot make it back to the barn anymore, and s a loyal and grateful friend, Wilbur not only took the egg sac back to the barn but even cared for the three spiders who were left behind and their succeeding eggs. Setting This story took place in rural America at the Seersucker’s barn. The story involved many seasons, although Wilbur was called a spring pig meaning he was born during springtime, most of the story happened during summer and fall. The barn was old yet very large as described in the story. This barn feels very welcoming and comforting as it smelled mostly of hay. Wilbur new home was at the lower part Of the barn, beneath the cows. Since according to Mr.. Seersucker’s viewpoint, manure pile is great for pigs as they need mud to keep them warm and comfortable. Characters Wilbur – He is the main character in the book Charlotte Web. He is born as a runt of his litter, which caused Mr.. Arable to kill him. Fortunately, he was saved by Fern’s love for him. He is very sensitive and vulnerable, yet, with the love from his friends, he was able to live life again better than before. Most of the times he feels insecure and emotional but with his friend Charlotte, he was able to move on to this and gain a little faith in himself. He undergo life’s as and downs but with his friends, especially Charlotte, he was able to surpass it all and be happy in the process. He is forever thankful for Charlotte?s love and as a form of showing gratitude for this he looks after her kids. Charlotte A. Cavity – She is a barn spider who lives above Wilbur pigpen, and often portrayed as a heroine of the story. She is cool, collected, practical, talented, clever and loyal to her friends. She played an important part in Wilbur life, often perceived as a mother of Wilbur. She gave all her best effort even in her last day just to save Wilbur life and show people who Wilbur really is. Mr.. John Arable – He is Fern’s father, who wants to kill Wilbur at first but due to Fern’s objections, he spared Wilbur life. He let Fern take care of Wilbur but greatly stand with his decision to sell Wilbur at five weeks old. He is a practical man but at the same time loving especially when it comes to his daughter. Fern Arable – She is an affectionate little girl who saved Wilbur life from an untimely death and the only human being who can understand what animals say. She became a mother to Wilbur until it was time to sell him to his uncle. Despite this, she still visits Wilbur a lot and even kittens to the stories of barn animals. As, the story progresses, she grew up and moved away from the barn where she became more interested with Henry Fussy than Wilbur. Avery Arable – He is Fern’s elder brother who is boisterous, aggressive, adventurous and carefree. Unlike Fern, he often wants to kill animals and rule nature. He is also a performer, somewhat like a clown at some point, and works hard in the story. Mrs.. Arable – She is the mother of Fern who at most times is overreacting especially when it comes to her daughter. She is very worried on how Fern thinks that animals can talk and hat most of her time is spent with the animals in the barn. She always try to push Fern to mingle with persons of his own age rather than visiting the barn. Mr.. Homer Ackerman – He is Avery and Fern’s uncle and the proprietor of the farm near Rabble’s residence. He raises animals for a living. Moreover, he bought Wilbur for six dollars from Fern. He is the saw and believed the words woven by Charlotte about Wilbur and decided not to take him to the slaughterhouse. He benefited from this, since Wilbur became famous and in return he cared more than ever for his animals. He entered Wilbur at a intention in the fair and won twenty-five dollars when Wilbur was granted with a special award. Mrs.. Edith Ackerman – He is the wife of Homer Ackerman who spends her time mostly in the kitchen. She is also the only person who thought that the spider, Charlotte, is the one who is truly amazing than the pig, Wilbur, described by the woven words. Luray – He works at Ackerman who also depicted what a very industrious person truly is. He was the first to see the web of Charlotte and when Wilbur became famous, he then took care of him extra carefully. He is very sensitive with Wilbur especially he does not eat his food. You read "Charlotte" in category "Papers" Dry. Dorian -? He is the family doctor of the Rabble’s family. He told Mrs.. Arable that Fern might really hear animals talk because there are a lot of things that could not be explained by Science. He even attributed Charlotte web as one of the proofs of how wondrous the nature is. Minister – He is the first person to whom Mr.. Ackerman shared the story regarding the writings in the web. He did not really believe him and even thought of Mr.. Ackerman as unusual. Henry Fussy – He is not really a very active character in the story’ but was described s one to whom Fern is very fondled of. Templeton -? He is a rat that lives in Wilbur trough. He is portrayed as rather selfish who is also a glutton. Moreover, he would only help Charlotte and Wilbur when they would offer food in return. Nevertheless, he played an important role in finding words to describe Wilbur and in retrieving Charlotte egg sac. Lamb – He is an insensitive Lamb who refused to play with Wilbur and continued to humiliate him by belittling Wilbur saying that pigs mean less than nothing to him. Goose – He likes to tell Wilbur what he should do which most often sends Wilbur into ruble. She is a great mother to her kids and suspicious of the intents of Templeton, so she never lets him near her young ones. Gander – He is the partner of Goose, who like her is also protective of his children. He is brave and strong but quite into violence when it comes to Templeton and his goslings. Uncle – He is the large spring pig who competed with Wilbur in the County Fair. He also received a medal for his big size. Joy, Arena and Nellie – They are some of the children Of Charlotte from its egg sac. These spiders are the ones that stay with Wilbur on the barn and became friends with him. Lot Exposition: A new litter of piglets is born on Mr.. Rabble’s farm, however one of them is a runt w hich is deemed to small and weak to be kept on a farm. Fern, the daughter of Mr.. Arable, pleads his father to let the pig live and let her keep it as a pet. Mr.. Arable, who loves her daughter so much, gave in to the wish of his daughter and spared the pig. Fern was able to keep his pet, which she named Wilbur, for a few weeks until it was sold to his uncle, Mr.. Homer Ackerman, for six dollars. Rising Action: Although Wilbur felt lonely upon leaving Fern, he soon adjusted in the farm ND made some friends, especially Charlotte whom he mostly depends on. Fern, despite selling Wilbur to his uncle, still cares for the pig and visits him often. Fern, like Wilbur, also made some friends and even listens to their stories. Wilbur became very happy and carefree. He was constantly taken care of and fed slops that he wanted. Until, one day, he received a news. Climax: The lamb then tells Wilbur that Mr.. Ackerman is fattening him up for Christmas dinner. Much to Wilbur dismay, he will soon be brought to the slaughterhouse. This news cause distraught to Wilbur who is already so pappy in the barn and does not want to end up killed for Christmas. Falling Action: Charlotte then assured that she, together with some of their friends, will do anything to save Wilbur. She then weave words into her web, describing Wilbur greatest qualities and praises to him such as â€Å"SOME PIG! ,† ‘TERRIFIC,† â€Å"RADIANT’ and so on. This gained attention from people all over the county, which made Mr.. Ackerman rethink of whether Wilbur should still be brought to the slaughterhouse. Mr.. Ackerman then promised that if Wilbur wins the blue ribbon in the County Fair, he would never be turned into a ham for Christmas. Charlotte became worn out due to this work but still decided to go to the County Fair and help Wilbur win the contest. She then weaves the last word for Wilbur and then goes to work on her egg sac which will hold over five hundred eggs. Resolution: Wilbur anxiously waited to see who won the prize. Unfortunately, his rival, uncle, won the blue ribbon for being the biggest pig. But to everyone’s surprise, Wilbur received a special prize for being a terrific and radiant pig! Unfortunately, Charlotte reached the end of her life span and was not able to be with Wilbur after his triumph nor see her children grow. As a sign of irritated for everything that Charlotte did for Wilbur, he vowed to take care of her children. To honor Charlotte, Wilbur hangs his medal on the nail in the doorway where Charlotte web used to be. When the egg sac hatched, most of the new born spiders flew away to find their own homes, but three of them, Joy, Arena and Nellie, stayed on the barn with Wilbur. Wilbur became good friends with them, much to his delight. Year after year new spiders are born to replace the old one but no one was able to match and replace Charlotte in Wilbur heart. Us Mary One morning at the breakfast table, eight year Old Fern sees her father leave he house With an axe and asks her mother where he’s going. Her mother delivers the shocking news that Mr.. Arable is going out to kill a runt that was born the night before. Fern chases her father down and persuades him to spare the runt, telling him that it is unjust to kill a piglet just because it is small. Moved by his daughter’s plea, Mr.. Arable decides to give the runt to her to look after. Fern names the piglet Wilbur and looks after him like a baby, pushing him in her pram alongside her doll and feeding him with a bottle. At five weeks old Mr.. Arable insists that Wilbur is sold and he goes to live in the Ackerman barn down the road. Wilbur initially struggles at the barn because he misses Fern so much but soon he becomes acquainted with new friends, the best of whom is a lady grey spider called Charlotte. Wilbur is fascinated by Charlotte, although to begin with he is slightly suspicious of the way she catches her food – he doesn’t like the idea that she spins bugs in her web and sucks their blood. He soon realizes that Charlotte is everything but cruel and bloodthirsty and that her method of eating is entirely necessary for a spider. Wilbur is complete happy during the summer days – Fern comes to visit and is new friend tells him exciting stories and has the patience to try and coach him about how to spin a web (although she knows fine well he will never be able to) but one day he gets some terrible news that puts an end to his carefree attitude. The sheep tells Wilbur that Mr.. Ackerman is fattening him up for Christmas dinner and Wilbur is distraught – he is so happy on the farm and doesn’t want to die. Charlotte calms him down and promises him that she won’t let him be killed. She hasn’t worked out how to save him yet, but she is determined that she will. One morning as Curvy pours Wilbur slops, e notices Charlotte twinkling spider web in the morning fog. The words ‘SOME PIG’ have been weaved into the web. Luray is gob smacked and utters a prayer. He quickly tells Mr.. Ackerman who is equally amazed and soon the news spreads near and far. Worried that people may be getting bored of ‘SOME PIG’, Charlotte asks Templeton the rat to aid her in finding more words to write in her web. Knowing that if Wilbur is killed he won’t have access to his slops, Templeton reluctantly scavenges for newspaper clippings to help Charlotte. The next word she writes is ‘TERRIFIC’ and after that, ‘RADIANT. ‘ Meanwhile, Mrs.. Arable is concerned that Fern is spending too much time down at the barn and becomes even more alarmed when her daughter tells her about Charlotte and the stories Charlotte tells. Mrs.. Arable decides to go and see Dry. Dorian to ask him what he makes Of Fern thinking the animals can talk and what he makes of the mysterious writing in the web. Dry Dorian is very calm and rational and says that the real miracle is not the writing in the web but the fact that a spider instinctively knows how to build a web without any tuition. He says that it is quite possible that animals can talk and that the season that adults cannot hear them might be because they talk too much to hear what is going on in nature. With the news of Seersucker’s famous pig spreading, the Ackermann and Arable decide to take Wilbur to the County Fair. Charlotte agrees to go too although she is feeling tired and soon has to build a sac to hold her eggs. At the fair, Charlotte is disappointed to see that beside Wilbur pen is a much larger spring pig called Uncle. Knowing he is fierce competition, Charlotte decides to spin another web and once again Templeton is sent off to find a word. The adults and children enjoy homeless at the fair and Avery and Fern are particularly excited that they are allowed to go off without their parents all afternoon. Fern spends all afternoon with Henry Fussy and they go on the Ferris wheel together. For months after, Fern will look back nostalgically at her time on the Ferris wheel with Henry. Before nightfall Charlotte weaves her web with the new word ‘HUMBLE’ written into it and throughout the night she makes her egg sac. In the morning the Ackermann and Arable See the web but they also notice that uncle has a blue tag on his pen – he has already won first prize. Mr. Ackerman ignores the tag and tells everyone to buck up and give Wilbur a buttermilk bath. Everyone who comes to Wilbur pen has something good to say about him. Suddenly, over the loudspeaker a voice is heard asking Ackerman to bring his famous pig to the judges’ booth for a special award. Wilbur is awarded a medal for being phenomenal and completely out of the ordinary and Mr.. Ackerman is given $25. Since the writing first appeared in the web, the miracle has been on everyone’s mind. After the press photos and the commotion, Wilbur is returned to his pen. Wilbur notices that Charlotte is quiet and looks unwell. She tells him that she is content now that she knows he is safe – she knows Mr.. Ackerman will never harm him now, but she tells Wilbur that she is failing and will be dead in a day or two. Panicked and distraught Wilbur races around the pen, begging Charlotte to come home with him, but she hasn’t enough energy to move. Wilbur decides to take Charlotte egg sac and promises Templeton first choice of his slops if he retrieves the sac. As Wilbur carries the sac in his mouth and is led into the crate, he winks at Charlotte and she musters all the energy she can to wave dobby. How to cite Charlotte, Papers

I was only 19 - unfinished free essay sample

â€Å"God help me, I was only 19† – ‘I was only 19’ by Redgum ‘I was only 19’ effectively protests against the use of conscription during the Vietnam War. It also evocatively and vividly describes the impact of the war on the surviving men. Written in 1983, the song follows the experiences and trauma of a young, 19 year old Australian man from the gruelling military training to the deadly jungles of Vietnam. The song also powerfully illustrates the after effects of his experience in Vietnam. With a descriptive name, ‘I was only 19’ is a folk song. The first 3 verses describe the military training and going on the voyage to Vietnam. The chorus conveys the terror that still lingers, even years after the war. The next 3 verses vividly illustrates the horror and pain of warfare. The final verse expresses the central character’s bitterness that the ANZAC legends never warned them of the pain, blood and gore that is nicknamed ‘War’. We will write a custom essay sample on I was only 19 unfinished or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Repetition of the chorus reinforces the feelings of the surviving men. ‘I was only 19’ includes a range of effective language features. An important feature is alliteration. For instance, in the first line of the song, alliteration is evident here with ‘passing-out parade at Puckapunyal’. Another effective language feature is the use of rhymes. For example, in the fifth verse each of the words on the end of a line rhymed with the next; ‘swore’ and ‘roar’ as well as ‘moon’ and ‘June’. The Key and Meter of ‘I was only 19’ stay the same the entirety of the song. The dynamics of the song are quite simple but it is effective with conveying the serious nature of the song. During the last chorus the beat picks up just slightly. Redgum also layers his own voice to harmonize with it. The meaning of this song is to protest the use of conscription and to demonstrate the feelings and trauma of a 19 year old Australian man who served in the Vietnam War.

Yousif Saleh Essays (341 words) - Economy, Marketing,

Yousif Saleh Philyaw AP Lang 9/10/15 Oil Prices: What's Behind the Plunge? Simple Economies In this article, Clifford Krauss clarifies that gas prices are declining and that they are affecting the economy. I was fascinated by how much the gas prices decreased, it was $3.45 per gallon a year ago but now it is $2.65 per gallon. Even though a dollar may not seem as much, motorists save 630 million dollars a day. Many countries now are developing more energy-efficient vehicles so the demand for gas isn't as high as it used to be. I am in favor of energy-efficient vehicles because they preserve the earth but businesses are suffering from the price drop. I cannot bear the fact that people are suffering while others are benefitting. In the US motorists use this to their advantage and don't think about the consequences of such an event. It is a benefit for the consumers but a calamity for the producers. I think that it is unfair to have one side experience the low pay gas while the other side experiences downfall. People are losing their jobs because of their low budgets and I believe that this is inequitable. Many countries that produce oil have begun to the cease the production of oil because it takes a heavy toll on their economy. During this time it is not in a state of crisis but it is far from perfect and needs to rejuvenate itself back to how it was before. I want to do something about this crisis because sooner or later countries and even the lives of many people today will deteriorate. Russia is one of the main oil producing countries in the world and the US wants ruin Russia from the inside by making oil cost less. Political conflict plays a big role in the oil crisis. To me this is utter nonsense to why countries will let grudges take over instead of caring for the global economy. If countries could ge t along I am positive this issue can be solved.

Tree Leaf Abscission and Cellular Senescence

Tree Leaf Abscission and Cellular Senescence Leaf abscission occurs at the end of annual plant senescence which causes the tree to achieve winter dormancy. Abscission The word abscission in biological terms means shedding of various parts of an organism. The noun is of Latin origin and was first used in 15th century English as a word to describe the act or process of cutting off. Abscission, in botanical terms, most commonly describes the process by which a plant drops one or more of its parts. This shedding or dropping process includes spent flowers, secondary twigs, ripe fruits and seeds and, for the sake of this discussion, a leaf. When leaves fulfill their summer duty of producing food and growth regulators, a process of shutting down and sealing off the leaf begins. The leaf is connected to a tree via its petiole and the twig-to-leaf connection is called the abscission zone. The connective tissue cells in this zone specifically grow to be easily broken apart when the sealing process begins and have a built-in weak point which allows for proper shedding. Most deciduous (means falling in Latin) plants (including hardwood trees) drop their leaves by abscission before winter, while evergreen plants (including coniferous trees) continuously abscise their leaves. Fall leaf abscission is thought to be caused by a reduction of chlorophyll due to shortened hours of sunlight. The zone connective layer begins to harden and blocks the transport of nutrients between the tree and leaf. Once the abscission zone has been blocked, a tear line forms and the leaf is blown away or falls off. A protective layer seals the wound, preventing water evaporating and bugs getting in. Senescence Interestingly, abscission is the very last step in the process of cellular senescence of deciduous plant/tree leaves. Senescence is a naturally designed process of the aging of certain cells that takes place in a series of events that prepares a tree for dormancy. Abscission can also occur in trees outside of autumn shedding and dormancy. Leaves of plants can abscise as a means of plant defense. Some examples of this are: dropping of insect-damaged and diseased leaves for water conservation; leaf fall after biotic and abiotic tree stresses including chemical contact, excessive sunlight, and heat; increased contact with plant growth hormones.

Resolving Both Passive Construction and Verbosity

Resolving Both Passive Construction and Verbosity Resolving Both Passive Construction and Verbosity Resolving Both Passive Construction and Verbosity By Mark Nichol Writers often unconsciously construct a sentence in which the key information appears at the tail of the sentence. Many, too, take insufficient care to avoid wordiness. All too frequently, readers stumble across sentences that suffer from both problems. In this post are three examples of sentences that are both passive and verbose. The discussion that follows each describes the problems, and revisions demonstrate solutions. Note that passive construction is not always a malady to be remedied (it can effectively emphasize a point) and verbosity is not necessarily bad (wordiness can be employed for effect or to clarify an ambiguity), but the careful writer always chooses to retain such features only after consideration. 1. At this time, an economic downturn is not anticipated by most established business plans. Notice that in each of these examples, the sentence ends with the syntax â€Å"(verb) by (noun phrase).† However, the sentence is usually improved if a noun phrase relegated to this position supplants the original subject, as here: â€Å"At this time, most established business plans do not anticipate an economic downturn.† Further improvement results by omitting the extraneous introductory phrase: â€Å"Most established business plans do not anticipate an economic downturn.† 2. Relocation of buildings could eventually be implemented by property owners. â€Å"Relocation of buildings† is a valid subject, but actors, rather than people, places, or things acted on, best fill the role: â€Å"Property owners could eventually implement relocation of buildings.† Here, the sentence is rendered more concise by converting the nominalization (verb turned noun) back to a verb and omitting what is now a superfluous verb: â€Å"Property owners could eventually relocate buildings.† 3. The major contribution to increased efficiency was achieved by the team. Again, whenever possible, begin a sentence by first naming the actors rather than the acted upon: â€Å"The team achieved a major contribution to increased efficiency.† Here, too, the sentence can be truncated by converting one part of speech to another and jettisoning unnecessary words; in this case, increased is transmogrified from an adjective to a verb, the weak verb achieved is eliminated, and the excessive elaboration â€Å"a major contribution to† is deleted as well: â€Å"The team significantly increased efficiency.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Incorrect Pronunciations That You Should Avoid15 Great Word GamesInspiring vs. Inspirational

The pragmatic views of Abraham Lincoln Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

The pragmatic views of Abraham Lincoln - Essay Example Abraham Lincoln has been the most debated, analyzed, and scrutinized President in the history of the United States. He was a complex political genius who carried with him the charm of the average citizen.For this reason, Lincoln has often been misrepresented by anecdotes or attributed writings. While some scholars have argued that Lincoln's views on equality, race, and slavery shifted during the course of his career, this is a simplified look at many of his seemingly ambiguous positions. While in his writings and speeches there are references to a position that would allow some slavery in the antebellum period, his actions and words during the Civil War denounced slavery as a national evil. For Lincoln, these moral compromises were made for political expediency and pragmatism. Lincoln's views on race, slavery, and equality did not change throughout his career, but the shifting political foundations of the country dictated Lincoln's position as he strove to maintain a cohesive Union o f states.There is an ample amount of primary reference material available for the study of Lincoln's political and personal views. The 1946 compilation Abraham Lincoln, His Speeches and Writings edited by Roy P. Basler is one of the more complete sources for this area of study. Carl Sanburg remarks in the preface of the book that, "...Abraham Lincoln, is best to be known by an acquaintance with all that he wrote and said."1 The key to Sandburg's notation is that to know Lincoln we must know all that he wrote and said. ... Early in his career he could see the destructive forces of slavery at work on the new nation. In a speech titled "The Perpetuation of our Political Institutions" addressed to the Young Men's Lyceum in Springfield Illinois on January 27, 1838 Lincoln warns, "If destruction be out lot, we must ourselves be its author and finisher. As a nation of freemen, we must live through all time, or die by suicide."2 This statement indicates Lincoln's early inclination to value a united Union that was free, and shows his depth of understanding that a divided Union would lead to self destruction. The speech is a stern lecture on the horrors of lynching slaves and admonishes the reader that respect for the law is the most important attribute in the maintenance of unity. While the speech is clearly aimed at the unconscionable actions taken by the "...pleasure hunting masters of Southern slaves.", it also contains a universal message of equality.3 Lincoln speaks of equality and its association with th e respect for law when he writes, "And, in short, let it become the political religion of the nation; and let the old and the young, the rich and the poor, the grave and the gay, of all sexes and tongues, and colors and conditions, sacrifice unceasingly upon its altars."4 Basler points out that this speech, given when Lincoln was a young man and not yet active outside local politics, has been criticized as being "highly sophomoric".5 Yet, it illustrates Lincoln's core belief that the reverence for law and the moral obligation of equality will need to be shared by all Americans to build a successful future. The inequality of the elitist economic system was addressed in Lincoln's career while running for the General Assembly in Illinois. In an article announcing his